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Simeon ben Shetach
Simeon ben Shetach, or Shimon ben Shetach〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pirkei Avot )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pirkei Avot- Ethics of the Fathers )〕 or Shatach,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Restaurants in Jerusalem - Shimon Ben Shatach Street - eating out starts at dinnersite.co.il, the complete restaurant guide of Israel )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=iTravelJerusalem - Jerusalem Nightlife – Clubs, Pubs, Bars & More )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=LibraryThing Local - LibraryThing )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pre-Sinaic Prophecy : Mystics from Creation until the Talmudic Period 0 - 3761 (3761-0 BCE) )〕 (c. 120-40 BCE) was a Pharisee scholar and Nasi of the Sanhedrin during the reigns of Alexander Jannæus (c. 103-76 BCE) and his successor, Queen Salome Alexandra (c. 76-67 BCE), who was Simeon's sister.〔''Berakhot'', 48a.〕 He was therefore closely connected with the court, enjoying, at least initially, the favor of Alexander.
==Under Alexander Jannaeus==
During the reign of Alexander the Sanhedrin consisted almost entirely of Sadducees; nevertheless he succeeded in ousting the Sadducean members and in replacing them with Pharisees.〔''Megillat Ta'anit'', x.〕 Having accomplished this, Simeon recalled from Alexandria, Egypt the Pharisees who had been compelled to seek refuge there during the reign of Alexander Jannæus, among these fugitives being Joshua ben Perachya, the former Nasi.〔''Sotah'', 47a, ed. Amsterdam; cf. also ''Yerushalmi Sanhedrin'', 23c and ''Haggigah'', 41d.〕 Joshua was elected president anew, and Simeon assumed the office of vice-president.〔"Ab bet din"; see Weiss, "Dor," i. 135, note 1.〕 Upon the death of Joshua, Simeon became president and Judah ben Tabbai vice-president.
The attitude of Alexander Jannæus toward the Pharisees, however, soon underwent a change; and they were again compelled to flee, even Simeon himself being obliged to go into hiding.〔''Berakhot'', 48a; a different reason for Simeon's flight is, however, given in ''Yerushalmi Nazir'', 54b.〕 About this time certain Parthian envoys came to Alexander's court and were invited to the king's table, where they noticed the absence of Simeon, by whose wisdom they had profited at previous visits. Upon the king's assurance that he would do the fugitive no harm, the queen caused her brother to return to the court. Upon his reappearance Simeon took his place between the royal couple with a show of self-consciousness which surprised the king; whereupon Simeon remarked, "The wisdom which I serve grants me equal rank with kings."〔''Yerushalmi Nazir'', 54b; ''Berakhot'', 48a.〕
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